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Henry Browne Blackwell or sometimes Henry Brown Blackwell (May 4, 1825 – September 7, 1909) was an American advocate for social and economic reform. He was one of the founders of the Republican Party and the American Woman Suffrage Association. He published Woman's Journal starting in 1870 in Boston, Massachusetts with Lucy Stone. ==Early life== Henry Blackwell was born May 4, 1832, in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England, the seventh of nine children of Samuel Blackwell and Hannah Lane Blackwell. Blackwell’s father, a sugar refiner whose livelihood conflicted with his abolitionist principles, experimented with making beet sugar as an alternative to slave-grown cane sugar. In 1832, the family – including eight children and their father’s sister Mary – emigrated from England. The family settled first in New York, where Blackwell’s father established a sugar refinery and the ninth child was born, and then just outside New York in Jersey City.〔Wheeler, Leslie, ''Loving Warriors: Selected Letters of Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell, 1853-1893'', Dial Press, 1981. ISBN 0-8037-9469-X, pp. 21, 23.〕 Blackwell’s father took an interest in the nascent abolition movement, and William Lloyd Garrison other leaders were visitors in the family’s home. Blackwell’s eldest sister, Anna, participated in the emerging agitation for women’s rights, attending the 1837 Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women and drafting its letter to John Quincy Adams thanking him for his support of women’s right to petition.〔Million, Joelle. (''Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Women's Rights Movement.'' ) Praeger, 2003. ISBN 0-275-97877-X. pp. 158-59.〕 After fire destroyed the refinery and the Panic of 1837 destroyed remaining resources, the family moved to Cincinnati in 1838, where Blackwell’s father intended to establish another refinery. However, within months of their arrival, he died, leaving the family destitute. Blackwell’s mother, aunt, and three elder sisters opened a school in their home, while thirteen-year-old Henry and his brother Sam took clerking jobs. In 1840 Blackwell was sent to Kemper College in St. Louis with the intent that he should become a lawyer. But financial difficulties forced him to return home and resume clerking. Around 1845 he became a partner in a flour mill business, in which he managed operations of three mills. Within a year he had made enough profit to purchase a small brick house in Cincinnati’s Walnut Hills section, which remained the Blackwell family home until they moved east in 1856.〔Wheeler, 1981, pp. 24-26〕 Seeking a business in which he might achieve financial independence, Blackwell next tried sugar refining. When that failed, a visiting English cousin persuaded him to accept a loan with which he and brother Sam purchased half interest in a Cincinnati wholesale hardware business. In 1850, at the age of twenty-four, Blackwell became the traveling partner of Coombs, Ryland, and Blackwells, making semi-annual two-month-long horseback journeys through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, selling hardware to country merchants and collecting payments due the firm.〔Wheeler, 1981, pp. 27-28; Million, 2003, p.177〕 All the Blackwell siblings had been imbued with a philosophy of personal improvement and working for the betterment of mankind, as well as a deep interest in literature, languages, music, and art. Possessing a special passion for literature, Henry Blackwell wrote poetry in his spare time and always carried several books with him to make every spare moment “useful” and “self-improving.”〔Million, 2003, p. 178〕 He was a founding member of the Literary Club of Cincinnati, whose members discussed literature and debated issues of the day. He and fellow club member Ainsworth R. Spofford made business trips together, during which they relieved the tedium of slow travel by reading aloud to each other the works of Bacon, Shakespeare, Aristotle, and Plato.〔“The Literary Club of Cincinnati, 1849-1903: Constitution, Catalogue of Members, etc.” The Literary Club of Cincinnati, 1903, pp. 8, 34, 29; Jones, Robert Ralston, “Papers Read before the Literary Club Historians Evening, 1921 and 1922,” Literary Club of Cincinnati, 1922, pp. 8, 12.〕 Through this club, whose early members included not only Spofford, who would become chief librarian of the Library of Congress, but also Rutherford B. Hayes and Salmon P. Chase, Blackwell formed lasting friendships with men who played prominent roles in the history of Ohio and the nation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Browne Blackwell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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